sound reception

Table of Contents

Introduction
Organs of sound reception in invertebrates
- Types of insect auditory structures
  - Hair sensilla
  - Antennae and antennal organs
  - Cercal organs
  - Tympanal organs
- Evidence of hearing and communication in insects
  - Behavioral observations
  - Electrophysiological observations
- Evidence of hearing and communication in spiders
  - Anatomical evidence
  - Behavioral evidence
Sound reception in vertebrates— auditory mechanisms of fishes and amphibians
- Hearing in fishes
  - The basic auditory mechanisms in teleosts
  - Special stimulation mechanisms
  - Auditory sensitivity of fishes
- Hearing in amphibians
  - The auditory mechanism in frogs
  - Auditory sensitivity of amphibians
Auditory structures of reptiles
- Lizards
  - Auditory structure
  - Hearing abilities of lizards
- Snakes
- Amphisbaenians
- Turtles
- Crocodiles
Hearing in birds
- The avian auditory structure
- Auditory sensitivity in birds
- Uses of hearing in birds
Hearing in mammals
- Auditory structure of mammals
- Hearing in subhuman mammals
  - Primates
  - Common laboratory animals
  - Large mammals
  - Marine mammals
  - Echolocation in bats
  - Echolocation in other mammals

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Topics

human ear bone conduction air conduction inner ear hearing cercal organ tympanal organ external ear acoustic sensillum middle ear loudness sound production timbre sound intensity Doppler effect tone acoustic impedance speed of sound musical sound ultrasonics

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Key People

Georg von Békésy

American physicist and physiologist

Demystified

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