ancient Iran Table of Contents IntroductionThe Elamites, Medians, and AchaemenidsThe prehistoric periodThe Paleolithic Period (Old Stone Age)The Neolithic Period (New Stone Age)The 5th to mid-3rd millenniaThe late 3rd and 2nd millenniaThe ElamitesThe Old Elamite periodThe Middle Elamite periodThe Neo-Elamite periodThe protohistoric period and the kingdom of the MedesThe coming of the IraniansThe kingdom of the MedesThe rise of the Persians under Cyrus IIThe Achaemenian dynastyCambysesDarius IXerxes IArtaxerxes I to Darius IIIAchaemenian society and cultureLanguageSocial organizationReligionArtThe organization and achievement of the Achaemenian EmpireThe Hellenistic and Parthian periodsAlexander and his successorsThe nobles and the nomadsThe SeleucidsThe movement of Iranian peoplesRevolt of the high satrapiesThe rise of the ParthiansInvasion of the ParniFormation of the Parthian stateArsacesArtabanus IPhraates IThe “phil-Hellenistic” period (c. 171 bc–ad 12)Mithradates IPhraates IIMithradates IIWars with RomeSettlement with RomeThe “anti-Hellenistic” period (ad 12–162)Artabanus IIIDissolution of the Parthian statePeace with RomeThe end of the Parthian empire (162–226)The Sāsānian periodFoundation of the empireRise of Ardashīr IWars of Shāpūr IOrganization of the empireReligious developmentsZoroastrianismChristianityManichaeismArt and literatureForeign policyConflicts with RomeIntermittent conflicts from Yazdegerd I to Khosrow IConflicts with the Turks and ByzantiumTriumph of the ArabsPersian dynasties References & Edit History Related Topics Images Quizzes Former Names of Current Places Quiz Ancient Greece A View of the Middle East Read Next Are the Middle East and the Near East the Same Thing? Discover 26 Decade-Defining Events in U.S. History All 119 References in “We Didn’t Start the Fire,” Explained The Rise of the Machines: Pros and Cons of the Industrial Revolution The Largest Islands in the World How Many Electoral College Votes Does Each U.S. State Have? Is Australia an Island? Ten Days That Vanished: The Switch to the Gregorian Calendar Contents Geography & Travel Geographic Regions Ask the Chatbot a Question Ask the Chatbot a Question A list of Persian dynasties is provided in the table. ...(100 of 27353 words)
