history of Sweden

Table of Contents

Introduction
Earliest settlements
The Viking Age
- Trade
- Christianization
The 12th, 13th, and 14th centuries
- Civil wars
- Code of law
The Kalmar Union
- Political conflict
- End of the Kalmar Union
The early Vasa kings (1523–1611)
The Age of Greatness in Sweden
- The reign of Gustav II Adolf
- Swedish warfare through the mid-17th century
- Impact of continuous warfare on Sweden
- The reign of Charles XII
- Social and economic conditions in Sweden in the 16th and 17th centuries
The 18th century
- The Age of Freedom in Sweden (1718–72)
- The era of Gustav III
The Napoleonic Wars and the 19th century
- Royalist reaction
- Bernadotte
Society and politics in Sweden (1815–1900)
- Population and the economy
- The conservative era in Sweden (1815–40)
- The liberal reform period in Sweden
  - Principal reforms
  - Parliamentary reform
- Swedish political stagnation (1866–1900)
- Foreign policy
  - Change in alliance policy
  - Pan-Scandinavianism
  - Swedish neutrality and friendship with Germany
- The Swedish-Norwegian union
Sweden in the 20th century
- Political reform
- Defense policy
- Swedish policy during World War I
- The Liberal–Social Democratic coalition
- Swedish domestic policy (1918–45)
  - Party politics
  - The economic climate
- Swedish foreign policy (1918–45)
- The Swedish welfare state
  - The period of social reform
  - New constitution
- Swedish foreign policy into the 1990s
- Domestic affairs through the 1990s
Sweden in the 21st century

References & Edit History Related Topics

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history of Sweden: References & Edit History

More Articles On This Topic

Assorted References

major treatment
- In Sweden: History
age of European monarchy
- In history of Europe: Sweden
Åland Islands
- In Åland Islands
Bodø Affair
- In Bodø Affair
first state bank
- In history of Europe: Early capitalism
Native American history and colonialism
- In Native American: The Netherlands and Sweden
nobility in 17th and 18th centuries
- In history of Europe: Nobles and gentlemen
nuclear weapons research program
- In nuclear weapon: Other countries
Reformation
- In Protestantism: The expansion of the Reformation in Europe
Skåne question
- In Skåne question

battles and conflicts

Anjala League
- In Anjala League
Breitenfeld
- In Battle of Breitenfeld
Dacke War
- In Dacke War
Livonian War
- In Livonian War
Neva
- In Battle of the Neva
Nördlingen
- In Battle of Nördlingen
Second Northern War
- In Second Northern War
- In Peter I: The Northern War (1700–21)
Seven Years’ War of the North
- In Frederick II
Thirty Years’ War

international affairs

Norway

use of flag
- In flag of Norway

Austria
- In Austria: Struggle with Sweden and France
Baltic states
Denmark
- In Denmark: Constitutional framework
- In Denmark: The Schleswig-Holstein question
Finland
- In Finland: Earliest peoples
Germany
- In Frederick William: Early years of reconstruction.
Livonia
- In Livonia
Ottoman Empire
- In Ottoman Empire: Military defeats and the emergence of the Eastern Question, 1683–1792
Poland
- In Poland: Sigismund III Vasa
Russia
Saint Petersburg
- In St. Petersburg: Foundation and early growth
Spain
- In Spain: Spain and the Thirty Years’ War
Ukraine
- In Ukraine: The Khmelnytsky insurrection
United States
- In Pennsylvania: History of Pennsylvania

role of

Adolf Frederick
- In Adolf Frederick
Armfelt
- In Gustaf Mauritz Armfelt
Birger Jarl
- In Birger Jarl
Brahe
- In Per, Count Brahe, the Younger
Branting
- In Karl Hjalmar Branting
Carl XVI Gustaf
- In Carl XVI Gustaf
Charles VIII
- In Charles VIII Knutsson
Charles IX
- In Charles IX
Charles X Gustav
- In Charles X Gustav
Charles XII
- In Charles XII
Charles XIV John
- In Charles XIV John
Charles XII
- In Charles XV
Christina
- In Christina
Dahlbergh
- In Eric, Count Dahlbergh
De la Gardie
- In Jacob Pontusson, count de la Gardie
Erik XIV
- In Erik XIV
Erlander
- In Tage Erlander
Gustav III
- In Gustav III
Gustav IV
- In Gustav IV Adolf
Gustav V
- In Gustav V
Gustav VI Adolf
- In Gustav VI Adolf
Gustavus Adolphus
- In Gustavus Adolphus
Hansson
- In Per Albin Hansson
John III
- In John III
Nevsky
- In Saint Alexander Nevsky
Oscar I
- In Oscar I
Oxenstierna, Axel
- In Axel, Count Oxenstierna
Oxenstierna, Bengt
- In Bengt Gabrielsson, Count Oxenstierna
Palme
- In Olof Palme
Silvia
- In Silvia
Strang
- In Gunnar Georg Emanuel Strang

treaties

Åbo
- In Treaty of Åbo
Copenhagen
- In Treaty of Copenhagen
Kiel
- In Treaty of Kiel
Stolbovo
- In Treaty of Stolbovo
Tilsit Treaties
- In Treaties of Tilsit
Väräla
- In Treaty of Värälä
Wehlau
- In Treaty of Wehlau
Westphalia
- In history of Europe: Making peace, 1645–48

Article Contributors

Primary Contributors

Henrik Enander
Former Lecturer in History, University of Stockholm.
Susan Ruth Larson
Executive Director, Center for Scandinavian Studies, Minneapolis, Minn.
Gudmund Sandvik
Lennart T. Norman
Archivist and historian.
Jörgen Weibull
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica

Other Encyclopedia Britannica Contributors

Article History

Type	Description	Contributor	Date
	Deleted Web site: History World - History of Prussia.	Gloria Lotha	Jan 16, 2025
	New article added.	Jeff Wallenfeldt	Jul 22, 2023